Coal Chemistry

Selected References - revised December, 2011

   These bibliographic references have been compiled as a TSOP project, and organic petrologists have found the references to be useful in their work. They should be available at university or geological research center libraries. They are not available from TSOP, except for those listed on our Publications page, or as part of the TSOP Newsletter.

Abernethy, R.F., and F.H. Gibson, 1963, Rare elements in coal: U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8163, 69 p.

Ahmed, M., and A. Rahim, 1996, Abundance of sulfur in Eocene coal beds from Bapung, northeast India: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 30, p. 315-318.

Allan, J., and S.R. Larter, 1983, Aromatic structures in coal maceral extracts and kerogens, in M. Bjoroy and others, eds., Advances in organic geochemistry 1981: New York, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., p. 534-545.

Altschuler, Z.S., M.M. Schnepfe, C.C. Silber, and F.O. Simon, 1983, Sulfur diagenesis in Everglades peat and origin of pyrite in coal: Science, v. 221, no. 4607, p. 221-227.

Alvarez, M.C., M.T. Dopico, and P.A. Amengual, 1994, A study of the correlation between ash content and natural radionuclide content in hard coals from northern Spain: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 13, no. 1, p. 10-12.

Arbuzov, S.I., A.V. Volostnov, L.P. Rikhvanov, A.M. Mezhibor, and S.S. Ilenok, 2011, Geochemistry of radioactive elements (U, Th) in coal and peat of northern Asia (Siberia, Russian far east, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 86, p. 318-328.

ASTM, Annual book of ASTM standards: gaseous fuels; coal and coke: American Society for Testing and Materials, sec. 5, v. 5.05.

Bagherieh, A.H., J.C. Hower, A.R. Bagherieh, and E. Jorjani, 2008, Studies of the relationship between petrography and grindability for Kentucky coals using artificial neural network: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 73, p. 130-138.

Bailey, A., 1981, Chemical and mineralogical differences between Kittanning coal from marine-influenced vs. fluvial sequences: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, p. 383-395.

Bakel, A.J., 1987, Sulfur and nitrogen compounds in oils, asphaltenes, kerogens, and coals: Norman, University of Oklahoma unpublished M.S. thesis, 93 p.

Baruah, B.P., and P. Khare, 2010, Mobility of trace and potentially harmful elements in the environment from high sulfur Indian coal mines: Applied Geochemistry, v. 25, p. 1621-1631.

Baruah, M.K., and M.C. Upreti, 1994, Incorporation of sulfur in coal precursors: Fuel, v. 73, p. 71.

Baumann, D.R., 1982, The occurrence and distribution of mineral matter in coal lithotypes in the Herrin (No. 6) coal seam under marine and non-marine influences: Carbondale, Southern Illinois University, unpublished M.S. thesis, 151 p.

Baxby, M., R.L. Patience, and L.D. Bartle, 1994, The origin and diagenesis of sedimentary organic nitrogen: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 17, p. 211-229.

Beamish, B.B., 1994, Proximate analysis of New Zealand and Australian coals by thermogravimetry: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 37, p. 387-392.

Belkin, H.E., S.J. Tewalt, J.C. Hower, J.D. Stucker, and J.M.K. O’Keefe, 2009, Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 77, p. 260-268.

Berkowitz, N., 1979, An introduction to coal technology: New York, Academic Press, 345 p.

Berkowitz, N., 1985, The chemistry of coal: New York, Elsevier, Coal Science and Technology, v. 7, 513 p.

Bhangare, R.C., P.Y. Ajmal, S.K. Sahu, G.G. Pandit, and V.D. Puranik, 2011, Distribution of trace elements in coal and combustion residues from five thermal power plants in India: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 86, p. 349-356.

Blaustein, B.D., and others, eds., 1981, New approaches in coal chemistry: Washington D.C., American Chemical Society Symposium Series 169, 462 p.

Bonnett, R., 1996, Porphyrins in coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 32, p. 137-149.

Bostick, N.H., and T.A. Daws, 1994, Relationships between data from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and proximate, ultimate, petrographic, and physical analyses of 142 diverse U.S. coal samples: Organic Geochemistry, v. 21, p. 35-49.

Boudou, J.-P., 1990, Coal desulfurization by programmed-temperature pyrolysis and oxidation, in W.L. Orr and C.M. White, eds., Geochemistry of sulfur in fossil fuels: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society Symposium Series 429, p. 345-364.

Bouska, V., 1981, Geochemistry of coal: New York, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Coal Science and Technology, v. 1, 284 p.

Boyd, R.J., 2002, The partitioning behaviour of boron from tourmaline during ashing of coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 53, p. 43-54.

Bragg, L.J., J.K. Oman, S.J. Tewalt, C.J. Oman, N.H. Rega, P.M. Washington, and R.B. Finkelman, 1998, US Geological Survey Coal Quality (COALQUAL) Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-134, CD-ROM.

Brownfield, M.E., R.H. Affolter, G.D. Stricker, and R.T. Hildebrand, 1995, High chromium contents in Tertiary coal deposits of northwestern Washington—a key to their depositional history: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 27, p. 153-169.

Brownfield, M.E., R.H. Affolter, J.D. Cathcart, S.Y. Johnson, I.K. Brownfield, and C.A. Rice, 2005, Geologic setting and characterization of coals and the modes of occurrence of selected elements from the Franklin coal zone, Puget Group, John Henry No. 1 mine, King County, Washington, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 63, p. 247-275.

Bullock, J.H., Jr., J.D. Cathcart, and W.J. Betterton, 2002, Analytical methods utilized by the United States Geological Survey for the analysis of coal and coal combustion by-products: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-389, 14 p.

Bustin, R.M., M. Mastalerz, and K. Wilks, 1992, Electron microprobe determination of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen content of in-situ macerals, in G. Vourvopoulos, ed., Elemental analysis of coal and its by-products: New Jersey, World Scientific, p. 228-231.

Bustin, R.M., M. Mastalerz, and K.R. Wilks, 1993, Direct determination of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen content in coal using the electron microprobe: Fuel, v. 72, p. 181-185.

Calkins, W.H., 1994, The chemical forms of sulfur in coal, a review: Fuel, v. 73, p. 475-.

Cameron, A.R., and G. Leclair, 1975, Extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions by coals of different rank and petrographic composition: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 74-35, 11 p.

Carpenter, A.M., 1988, Coal classification: London, IEA Coal Research, IEACR/12, 104 p.

Casagrande, D.J., K. Gronli, and N. Sutton, 1980, The distribution of sulfur and organic matter in various fractions of peat: Origins of sulfur in coal: Geochmica et Cosmochimia Acta, v. 44, p. 25-32.

Casagrande, D.J., 1987, Sulphur in peat and coal, in A.C. Scott, ed., Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances: Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Geological Society Special Publication 32, p. 87-105.

Cecil, C.B., R.W. Stanton, S.D. Allshouse, R.B. Finkelman, and L.P. Greenland, 1979, Geological controls on element concentrations in the Upper Freeport coal bed: Fuel, v. 24, p. 230-235.

Chakrabartty, S.K., J.F. Fryer, and J.D. Campbell, 1981, Pyrolytic properties of Alberta coals: Alberta Research Council Information Series 99, 11 p.

Chakrabartty, S.K., and M.P. du Plessis, 1982, Modern coal pyrolysis, a state-of-the-art review: Alberta Research Council Information Series 95, 46 p.

Chatziapostolou, A., S. Kalaitzidis, S. Papazisimou, K. Christanis, and D. Vagias, 2006, Mode of occurrence of trace elements in the Pellana lignite (SE Peloponnese, Greece): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 65, p. 3-16.

Chehreh Chelgani, S., S. Mesroghli, and J.C. Hower, 2010, Simultaneous prediction of coal rank parameters based on ultimate analysis using regression and artificial neural network: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 83, p. 31-34.

Chen, J., G. Liu, M. Jiang, C.-L. Chou, H. Li, B. Wu, L. Zheng, and D. Jiang, 2011, Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 88, p. 41-54.

Cheung, K., H. Sanei, P. Klassen, B. Mayer, and F. Goodarzi, 2009, Produced fluids and shallow groundwater in coalbed methane (CBM) producing regions of Alberta, Canada: Trace element and rare earth element geochemistry: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 77, p. 338-349.

Chou, C.-L., 1984, Relationship between geochemistry of coal and the nature of strata overlying the Herrin coal in the Illinois Basin, U.S.A.: Memoir of the Geological Society of China, no. 6, p. 269-280. (Illinois State Geological Survey Reprint 1985L)

Chou, C.-L., 1990, Geochemistry of sulfur in coal, in W.L. Orr and C.M. White, eds., Geochemistry of sulfur in fossil fuels: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society Symposium Series 429, p. 30-52.

Chou, C.-L., R.B. Finkelman, A. Kolker, and B. Zheng, eds., 1999, Geochemistry of coal and its impact on the environment and human health: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 40, p. 83-254.

Chyi, L.L., and C.-L. Chou, eds., 1990 Recent advances in coal geochemistry: Geological Society of America Special Paper 248, 99 p.

Chyi, L.L., 1997, Groundwater transformation of a low-sulfur to a high-sulfur coal, the Harlem coal of the northern Appalachian Basin: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 33, p. 317-331.

Clarke, L.B., and L. Sloss, 1992, Trace elements—emission from coal combustion and gasification: IEA Coal Research, IEACR/49, 111 p.

Clayton, J.L., D.D. Rice, and G.E. Michaels, 1991, Oil-generating coals of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado, U.S.A: Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, p. 735-742.

Cody, G.D., and G. Sághi-Szabó, 1999, Calculation of the 13C NMR chemical shift of ether linkages in lignin derived geopolymers: constraints on the preservation of lignin primary structure with diagenesis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p. 193-205.

Cohen, A.D., W. Spackman, and P. Dolsen, 1984, Occurrence and distribution of sulfur in peat-forming environments of southern Florida: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 4, p. 73-96.

Coleman, L., L.J. Bragg, and R.B. Finkelman, 1993, Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 15, p. 215-227.

Cooper, B.S., and D.G. Murchison, 1969, Organic geochemistry of coal, in G. Eglinton and M.T.J. Murphy, eds., Organic geochemistry: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 699-726.

Crawford, D.L., ed., 1993, Microbial transformations of low rank coals: Boca Raton, CRC Press, 223 p.

Crowley, S.S., R.W. Stanton, and L.F. Ruppert, 1993, Air toxics in coal: the distribution of twelve trace elements in a thick, subbituminous coal bed and impact on mining applications: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 12, no. 4, p. 141-146.

Dai, S., D. Ren, Y. Tang, L. Shao, and S. Li, 2002, Distribution, isotopic variation and origin of sulfur in coals in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 51, p. 237-250.

Dai, S., X. Hou, D. Ren, and Y. Tang, 2003, Surface analysis of pyrite in the No. 9 coal seam, Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China, using high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass-spectrometry: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 55, p. 139-150.

Dai, S., C.-L. Chou, M. Yue, K. Luo, and D. Ren, 2005, Mineralogy and geochemistry of a Late Permian coal in the Dafang coalfield, Guizhou, China: influence from siliceous and iron-rich calcic hydrothermal fluids: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 61, p. 241-258.

Dai, S., R. Zeng, and Y. Sun, 2006, Enrichment of arsenic, antimony, mercury, and thallium in a Late Permian anthracite from Xingren, Guizhou, southwest China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, p. 217-226.

Dai, S., Y. Zhou, M. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Wang, X. Song, Y. Jiang, Y. Luo, Z. Song, Z> Yang, and D. Ren, 2010, A new type of Nb (Ta) – Zr (HF) – REE – Ga polymetallic deposit in the late Permian coal-bearing strata, eastern Yunnan, southwestern China: Possible economic significance and genetic implications: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 83, p. 55-63.

Damberger, H.H., R.D. Harvey, R.R. Ruch, and J. Thomas, 1984, Coal characterization, in B.R. Cooper, and W.A. Ellingson, eds., The science and technology of coal utilization: New York, Plenum Press, p. 7-45.

Daniels, E.J., and S.P. Altaner, 1993, Inorganic nitrogen in anthracite from eastern Pennsylvania, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 22, p. 21-35.

Daniels, E.J., J.L. Aronson, S.P. Altaner, and N. Clauer, 1994, Late Permian age of NH4-bearing illite in anthracite from eastern Pennsylvania: temporal limits on coalification in the central Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 760-766.

Darragh, A., and F. Goodarzi, 1985, Canadian coals—their distribution and potential: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 5, p. 35-39.

Davidson, R.M., 1982, Molecular structure of coal, in M.L. Gorbaty, and others, eds., Coal science, v. 1: New York, Academic Press, p. 84-160.

Davidson, R., 1993, Organic sulfur in coal: IEA Coal Research, IEACR/60, 79 p.

Davidson, R.M., 1994, Quantifying organic sulfur in coal: a review: Fuel, v. 73, p. 988-.

Davidson, R.M., and L.B. Clarke, 1996, Trace elements in coal: IEA Coal Research Perspectives, IEAPER/21, 60 p.

Davidson, R.M., 1996, Chlorine and other halogens in coal: IEA Coal Research Perspectives, IEAPER/28, 46 p.

Davidson, R.M., 2000, Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal: IEA Coal Research, 36 p.

Daybell, G.N., and W.J.S. Pringle, 1958, The mode of occurrence of chlorine in coal: Fuel, v. 37, p. 283-292.

Debelak, K.A., and J.T. Schrodt, 1979, Comparison of pore structure in Kentucky coals by mercury penetration and carbon dioxide adsorption: Fuel, v. 58, p. 732-736.

Demir, I., R.B. Winston, and C.-L. Chou, 1987, Laboratory experiments to evaluate the removal of ash, sodium, chlorine, and sulfur from three selected samples of Illinois coal by concentrating table, jig, and froth flotation techniques, in Processing and utilization of high sulfur coals II: Elsevier, p. 121-129.

Demir, I., C.-L. Chou, and C. Chaven, 1990, Abundances and leachabilities of sodium and chlorine in lithotypes of Illinois Basin coals, in L.L. Chyi and C.-L. Chou, eds., Recent advances in coal geochemistry: Geological Society of America Special Paper 248, p. 73-85.

Demir, I., and R.D. Harvey, 1991, Variation of organic sulfur in macerals of selected Illinois Basin coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, p. 525-533.

Demir, I., R.D. Harvey, and K.C. Hackley, 1993, SEM-EDX and isotope characterization of the organic sulfur in macerals and chars in Illinois Basin coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 257-266.

Demir, I., A.A. Lizzio, E.L. Fuller, and R.D. Harvey, 1994, Surface properties of eight coals in the Illinois Basin coal sample program: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 13, p. 93-103.

Derbyshire, F.J., A. Davis, and R. Lin, 1991, Two-component concept of coal structure, in H.H. Schobert, K.D. Bartle, and L.J. Lynch, eds., Coal science II: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society Symposium Series 461, p. 72-88.

Deul, M., 1991, Coal quality and geology, in D.C. Peters, ed., Geology in coal resource utilization: Fairfax, VA, Techbooks, p. 359-368 (available from AAPG)

Diehl, S.F., M.B. Goldhaber, and J.R. Hatch, 2004, Modes of occurrence of mercury and other trace elements in coals from the Warrior field, Black Warrior Basin, northwestern Alabama: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 59, p. 193-208.

Dormans, H.N.M., F.J. Huntjens, and D.W. van Krevelen, 1957, Chemical structure and properties of coal—composition of the individual macerals (vitrinites, fusinites, micrinites and exinites): Fuel, v. 36, p. 321-339.

Du, G., X. Zhuang, X. Querol, M. Izquierdo, A. Alastuey, T. Moreno, and O. Font, 2009, Ge distribution in the Wulantuga high-germanium coal deposit in the Shengli coalfield, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 78, p. 16-26.

Dzou, L.I.P., R.A. Noble, and J.T. Senftle, 1995, Maturation effects on absolute biomarker concentration in a suite of coals and associated vitrinite concentrates: Organic Geochemistry, v. 23, p. 681-697.

Eskanazy, G., R.B. Finkelman, and S. Chattarjee, 2010, Some considerations concerning the use of correlation coefficients and cluster analysis in interpreting coal geochemistry data: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 83, p. 491-493.

Eskenazy, G., D. Delibaltova, and E. Mincheva, 1994, Geochemistry of boron in Bulgarian coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 25, p. 93-110.

Eskenazy, G.M., 1995, Geochemistry of arsenic and antimony in Bulgarian coals: Chemical Geology, v. 119, p. 239-254.

Eskenazy, G.M., 1999, Aspects of the geochemistry of rare earth elements in coal: an experimental approach: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 38, p. 285-295.

Eskenazy, G.M., 2006, Geochemistry of beryllium in Bulgarian coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, p. 305-315.

Eskenazy, G.M., and Y.S. Stefanova, 2007, Trace elements in the Goze Delchev coal deposit, Bulgaria: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 72, p. 257-267.

Eskenazy, G.M., 2009, Trace elements geochemistry of the Dobrudza coal basin, Bulgaria: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 78, p. 192-200.

Everson, R.C., H.W.J.P. Neomagus, R. Kaitano, R. Falcon, C. van Alphen, and V.M. du Cann, 2008, Properties of high ash char particles derived from inertinite-rich coal: 1. Chemical, structural and petrographic characteristics: Fuel, v. 87, p. 3082-3090.

Falcone, S.K., and H.H. Schobert, 1984, Mineral transformations during ashing of selected low-rank coals, in K.S. Vorres, ed., Mineral matter and ash in coal: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 301, p. 114-127.

Feng, X., and Y. Hong, 1999, Modes of occurrence of mercury in coals from Guizhou, People’s Republic of China: Fuel, v. 78, p. 1181-1188.

Finkelman, R.B., 1989, What we don’t know about the occurrence and distribution of the trace elements in coal: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 8, p. 63-66.

Finkelman, R.B., 1993, The use of modes of occurrence information to predict the removal of the hazardous air pollutants prior to combustion: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 12, p. 132-134.

Finkelman, R.B., 1993, Trace and minor elements in coal, in M.H. Engel and S.A. Macko, eds., Organic geochemistry: New York, Plenum Press, p. 593-607.

Finkelman, R.B., 1994, Modes of occurrence of potentially hazardous elements in coal: levels of confidence: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 39, p. 21-34.

Finkelman, R.B., and S.J. Tewalt, 1998, Mercury in U.S. coal: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF98-0772. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-772/)

Finkelman, R.B., N.H. Bostick, F.T. Dulong, F.E. Senftle, and A.N. Thorpe, 1998, Influence of an igneous intrusion on the inorganic geochemistry of a bituminous coal from Pitkin County, Colorado: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 36, p. 223-241.

Finkelman, R.B., and P.M.K. Gross, 1999, The types of data needed for assessing the environmental and human health impacts of coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 40, p. 91-101.

Finkelman, R.B., 2003, Mercury in coal and mercury emissions from coal combustion, in J.E. Gray, ed., Geologic studies of mercury by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1248, p. 9-11.

Forsythe, R.F., D. Li, and J.T. Riley, 1994, An improved method for the determination of sulfur in coal ash: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 13, p. 118-122.

Furimsky, E., J.-P. Charland, R. Dureau, W. Kalkreuth, and I. Wieschenkamper, 1991, Use of structural parameters of Canadian coals to follow coalification process: Erdol und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 44, p. 249-252.

Gan, H., S.P. Nandi, and P.L. Walker, Jr., 1972, Nature of the porosity in American coals: Fuel, v. 51, p. 272-277.

Ge, E., and C. Wert, 1990, Spatial variation of organic sulfur in coal, in W.L. Orr and C.M. White, eds., Geochemistry of sulfur in fossil fuels: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society Symposium Series 429, p. 316-325.

Gentzis, T., H. Hirosue, and T. Sakaki, 1996, Relationship between density and swelling ratio in a subbituminous and a high-volatile bituminous coal: Energy Sources, v. 18, p. 119-129.

Gerstein, B.C., P.D. Murphy, and L.M. Ryan, 1982, Aromaticity in coal, in R.A. Meyers, ed., Coal strucuture: New York, Academic Press, p. 87-129.

Gibling, M.R., M. Zentilli, and R.G.L. McCready, 1989, Sulphur in Pennsylvanian coals of Atlantic Canada: geologic and isotopic evidence for a bedrock evaporate source: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 11, p. 81-104.

Given, P.H., M.E. Peover, and W.F. Wyss, 1960, Chemical properties of coal macerals. I. Introductory survey and some properties of exinites: Fuel, v. 39, p. 323-340.

Given, P.H., 1972, Biological aspects of the geochemistry of coal, in Advances in organic geochemistry 1971: Oxford, Pergamon Press, p. 69-92.

Given, P.H., 1984, An essay on the organic geochemistry of coal, in M.L. Gorbaty, J.W. Larsen, and I. Wender, eds., Coal science, v. 3: New York, Academic Press, p. 63-252.

Given, P.H., 1988, The origin of coals, in Y. Yürüm, ed., New trends in coal science: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 1-52.

Given, P.H., and G.R. Dyrkacz, 1988, The nature and origins of coal macerals, in Y. Yürüm, ed., New trends in coal science: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 53-72.

Gleit, A., W. Moran, and A. Jung, 1986, Coal sampling and analysis: methods and models: Park Ridge, N.J., Noyes Publications, 188 p.

Glick, D.C., and A. Davis, 1987, Variability in the inorganic element content of U.S. coals including results of cluster analysis: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 331-342.

Gluskoter, H.J., and O.W. Rees, 1964, Chlorine in Illinois coal: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 372, 23 p.

Gluskoter, H.J., and J.A. Simon, 1968, Sulfur in Illinois coals: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 432, 28 p.

Gluskoter, H.J., R.R. Ruch, W.G. Miller, R.A. Cahill, G.B. Dreher, and J.K. Kuhn, 1977, Trace elements in coal: occurrence and distribution: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 499, 154 p.

Golightly, D.W., and F.O. Simon, eds., 1989, Methods for sampling and inorganic analysis of coal: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1823, 72 p.

Goodarzi, F., and E. van der Flier-Keller, 1991, Geological controls and constraints on the concentration of elements in western Canadian coals, in D.C. Peters, ed., Geology in coal resource utilization: Fairfax, VA, Techbooks, p. 389-412 (available from AAPG)

Goodarzi, F., and D.J. Swaine, 1993, Chalcophile elements in western Canadian coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 24, p. 281-292.

Goodarzi, F., and D.J. Swaine, 1993, Behavior of boron in coal during natural and industrial combustion processes: Energy Sources, v. 15, p. 609-622.

Goodarzi, F., and D.J. Swaine, 1994, Paleoenvironmental and environmental implications of the boron content of coals: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 471, 76 p.

Goodarzi, F., and D.J. Swaine, 1994, The influence of geological factors on the concentration of boron in Australian and Canadian coals: Chemical Geology, v. 118, p. 301-318.

Goodarzi, F., and F.E. Higgins, 2004, Speciation of nickel in Canadian subbituminous and bituminous feed coals and their ash byproductions: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 6, p. 787-791.

Goodarzi, F., and N.N. Goodarzi, 2004, Mercury in western Canadian subbituminous coal—a weighted average study to evaluate potential mercury reduction by selective mining: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 58, p. 251-259.

Goodarzi, F., and F.E. Higgins, 2005, Speciation of arsenic in Canadian subbituminous and bituminous feed coals and their ash byproducts: Energy and Fuel, v. 9, p. 905-915.

Goodarzi, F., and F.E. Higgins, 2005, Speciation of chromium in Canadian subbituminous and bituminous feed coals and their ash byproducts: Energy and Fuel, v. 9, p. 2500-2508.

Goodarzi, F., 2006, Assessment of elemental content of milled coal, combustion residues, and stack emitted materials: possible environmental effects for a Canadian pulverized coal-fired power plant: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 65, p. 17-25.

Goodarzi, F., H. Sanei, L.D. Stasiuk, H. Bagheri-Sadeghi, and J. Reyes, 2006, A preliminary study of mineralogy and geochemistry of four coal samples from northern Iran: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 65, p. 35-50.

Goodarzi, F., F.E. Huggins, and H. Sanei, 2008, Assessment of elements, speciation of As, Cr, Ni and emitted Hg for a Canadian power plant burning bituminous coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 74, p. 1-12.

Goodarzi, F., D.A. Grieve, H. Sanei, T. Gentzis, and N.N. Goodarzi, 2009, Geochemistry of coals from the Elk Valley coalfield, British Columbia, Canada: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 77, p. 246-259.

Gorbaty, M.L., J.W. Larsen, and I. Wender, eds., 1983, Coal science, v. 2: New York, Academic Press, 300 p.

Gorbaty, M.L., 1996, Advances and trends in understanding coal structure: Erdöl Erdgas Kohle, v. 112, no. 6, p. 266-267.

Griepink, B., A. Scholz, and H.C. Wilkinson, 1989, The production and certification of coal reference materials. Part III: the calorific value of three coal materials: Erdol und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 42, p. 35-37.

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