Conversion (Liquefaction and Gasification)

Selected References - revised December, 2011

   These bibliographic references have been compiled as a TSOP project, and organic petrologists have found the references to be useful in their work. They should be available at university or geological research center libraries. They are not available from TSOP, except for those listed on our Publications page, or as part of the TSOP Newsletter.

Abdel-Baset, M.B., R.F. Yarzab, and P.H. Given, 1978, Dependence of coal liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics. 3. Statistical correlations of conversion in coal-tetralin interactions: Fuel, v. 57, p. 89-94.

Agapito, J.F.T., ed., 1985, Western synfuels symposium proceedings: Colorado School of Mines Press, 130 p.

Álvarez-Rodríguez, R., and C. Clemente-Jul, 2008, Hot gas desulphurization with dolomite sorbent in coal gasification: Fuel, v. 87, p. 3513-3521.

Anderson, L.L., 1988, Coal liquefaction kinetics, in Y. Yurum, ed., New trends in coal science: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 339-359.

Anderson, L.L., 1988, Catalysis of coal liquefaction, in Y. Yurum, ed., New trends in coal science: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 361-381.

Baldwin, R.M., 1991, Correlation of coal properties with hydroliquefaction reactivity, a brief review, in H.H. Schobert, K.D. Bartle, and L.J. Lynch, eds., Coal science II: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, Symposium Series 461, p. 171-181.

Barraza, J., M. Cloke, and A. Belghazi, 1997, Improvements in direct coal liquefaction using beneficial coal fractions, in R. Gayer and J. Pesek, eds., European coal geology and technology: London, Geological Society Special Publication 125, p. 349-356.

BCRA Quarterly, 1986, Coal characteristics important for uses other than cokemaking. Part 1: combustion, gasification, liquefaction: BCRA Quarterly, v. 11, p. 44-62.

Beaver, F.W., D.J. Daly, G.H. Groenewold, C.R. Schmit, J.E. Boysen, J.M. Evans, J.R. Covell, and R.A. Kuhnel, 1991, The status and future of underground coal gasification, in R.B. Finkelman and D.C. Peters, eds., Practical applications of coal geology: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 10, no. 3, p. 116-126.

Beaver, F.W., G.H. Groenewold, C.R. Schmit, D.J. daly, and R.L. Oliver, 1991, The role of hydrogeology in underground coal gasification with an example from the Rocky mountain 1 (RM1) test, Carbon County, Wyoming, in D.C. Peters, ed., Geology in coal resource utilization: Fairfax, VA, Techbooks, p. 169-186.

Benito, A.M., M.T. Martinez, V. Cebolla, I. Fernandez, and J.L. Miranda, 1993, Hydrotreating of distillates from Spanish coal liquefaction: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 46, no. 2, p. 78-80.

Bialecka, B., 2008, Estimation of coal reserves for UCG in the Upper Silesian coal basin, Poland: Natural Resources Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 21-28.

Bosse, R., H. Heidecke, and H.H. Oelert, 1991, Liquefaction potential of South African torbanite coal, II. Coprocessing in blended solvent and technical petroleum vacuum residue: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 44, no. 11, p. 418-420.

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Bunt, J.R., J.P. Joubert, and F.B. Waanders, 2008, Coal char temperature profile estimation using optical reflectance for a commercial-scale Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifier: Fuel, v. 87, p. 2849-2855.

Bunt, J.R., and F.B. Waanders, 2008, An understanding of lump coal physical property behaviour (density and particle size effects) impacting on a commercial-scale Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifier: Fuel, v. 87, p. 2856-2865.

Bunt, J.R., N.J. Wagner, and F.B. Waanders, 2009, Carbon particle type characterization of the carbon behavior impacting on a commercial-scale Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifier: Fuel, v. 88, p. 771-779.

Burgess, C.E., and H.H. Schobert, 1998, Relationship of coal characteristics determined by pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance to liquefaction reactivity and product composition: Energy & Fuels, v. 12, p. 1212-1222.

Campbell, J.D., and M.P. du Plessis, 1983, Alberta Plains coal regions: potential feedstock for coal conversion by liquefaction and pyrolysis: Alberta Research Council, Information Series 101, 21 p.

Carpenter, A.M., 1988, Coal classification: London, IEA Coal Research, IEACR/12, 104 p. (liquefaction, p. 64-77)

Cerny, J., G. Sebor, J. Blazek, and D. Maxa, 1995, Coal structure and coal reactivity under liquefaction conditions: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 48, nos. 4/5, p. 182-185.

Chaffee, A.L., G. Lay, M. Marshall, W.R. Jackson, Y. Fei, T.V. Verheyen, P.J. Cassidy, and S.G. Scott, 2010, Structural characterization of Middle Jurassic, high-volatile bituminous Walloon Subgroup coals and correlation with the coal seam gas content: Fuel, v. 89, p. 3241-3249.

Chakrabartty, S.K., and M.P. du Plessis, 1985, Evaluation of Alberta Plains coals for pyrolysis and liquefaction processes: Alberta Research Council, Coal Report 85-1, 24 p.

Chen, Y.G., J.S. Gao, and H.H. Oelert, 1988, Coprocessing of Chinese bituminous coals. 1. Survey: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 41, no. 7-8, p. 300-302.

Clemens, T., D. Gong, and S. Pearce, 2006, Study on the suitability of New Zealand coals for hydrogen production: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 65, p. 235-242.

Collot, A.-G., 2006, Matching gasification technologies to coal properties: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 65, p. 191-212.

Cornett, M.S., 1993, Coal gasification: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 12, no. 1, p. 14-18.

Crelling, J.C., and R.J. Gray, 2001, Some industrial applications of organic petrology: TSOP Newsletter, v. 18, no. 2, p. 10-14.

Croft, G.D., and T.W. Patzek, 2009, Potential for coal-to-liquids conversion in the U.S.–Resource base: Natural Resources Research, v. 18, no. 3.

Cudmore, J.F., 1984, Coal utilization, in C.R. Ward, ed., Coal geology and coal technology: Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p. 113-150.

Davis, A., W. Spackman, and P.H. Given, 1976, The influence of the properties of coals on their conversion into clean fuels: Energy Sources, v. 3, no. 1, p. 55-81.

Davis, A., G.D. Mitchell, F.J. Derbyshire, R.F. Rathbone, and R. Lin, 1991, Optical properties of coals and liquefaction residues as indicators of reactivity: Fuel, v. 70, p. 352-360.

Derbyshire, F.J., A. Davis, and R. Lin, 1991, Two-component concept of coal structure, in H.H. Schobert, K.D. Bartle, and L.J. Lynch, eds., Coal science II: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society Symposium Series 461, p. 72-88.

Derbyshire, F., and T. Hager, 1994, Coal liquefaction and catalysis: Fuel, v. 73, p. 1087f

Diessel, C.F.K., and R.E. Guyot, 1985, Petrographic studies on solid residues derived from the hydrogenation of some Australian coals, in A.T. Cross, ed., Economic geology: coal, oil and gas: Neuvieme Congres International de Stratigraphie et du Geologie du Carbonifere, Compte Rendu, v. 4, Southern Illinois University Press, p. 573-580.

Douglas, P.L., S.C. Lythgoe, and S.K. Mallik, 1994, Coal liquefaction modeling: 1) development of a kinetic model, 2) parameter estimation: Fuel, v. 73, p. 531, 542.

Ekinci, E., M. Tolay, K.D. Bartle, and N. Taylor, 1988, Rapid characterization of lignite liquefaction products: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 41, no. 7-8, p. 303-305.

Everson, R.C., H.W.J.P. Neomagus, R. Kaitano, R. Falcon, C. van Alphen, and V.M. du Cann, 2008, Properties of high ash char particles derived from inertinite-rich coal: 1. Chemical, structural and petrographic characteristics: Fuel, v. 87, p. 3082-3090.

Figueiredo, J.L., and J.A. Moulijn, eds., 1986, Carbon and coal gasification: Boston, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, NATO ASI Series E, Applied Sciences No. 105, 655 p.

Fisher, C.H., G.C. Sprunk, A. Eisner, H.J. O’Donnell, L. Clarke, and H.H. Storch, 1942, Hydrogenation and liquefaction of coal, part 2—effect of petrographic composition and rank of coal: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Technical Paper 642, 162 p.

Furimsky, E., L. Zheng, F. Boudreau, and G. Kovacik, 1993, Entrained bed gasification of coal. Prediction of contaminant levels using thermodynamic calculations: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 46, no. 10, p. 379-385.

Gagarin, S.G., and A.A. Krichko, 1992, The petrographic approach to coal liquefaction: Fuel, v. 71, p. 785f

Gentzis, T., F. Goodarzi, and R.A. McFarlane, 1992, Molecular structure of reactive coals during oxidation, carbonization and hydrogenation—an infrared photoacoustic spectroscopic and optical microscopic study: Organic Geochemistry, v. 18, p. 249-258.

Gentzis, T., H. Hirosue, and T. Sakaki, 1996, Relationship between density and swelling ratio in a subbituminous and a high-volatile bituminous coal: Energy Sources, v. 18, p. 119-129.

Gentzis, T., H. Hirosue, and T. Sakaki, 1996, Effect of rank and petrographic composition on the swelling behavior of coals: Energy Sources, v. 18, p. 131-141.

Given, P.H., D.C. Cronauer, W. Spackman, H.L. Lovell, A. Davis, and B. Biswas, 1975, Dependence of coal liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics. 1. Vitrinite-rich samples: Fuel, v. 54, p. 34-39.

Given, P.H., D.C. Cronauer, W. Spackman, H.L. Lovell, A. Davis, and B. Biswas, 1975, Dependence of coal liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics. 2. Role of petrographic composition: Fuel, v. 54, p. 40-49.

Given, P.H., W. Spackman, A. Davis, and R.G. Jenkins, 1980, Some proved and unproved effects of coal geochemistry on liquefaction behavior with emphasis on U.S. coals, in D.D. Whitehurst, ed., Coal liquefaction fundamentals: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, Symposium Series 139, p. 3-34.

Golitsyn, M.V., I.V. Yeremin, and V.F. Cherepovskiy, 1983, Coals for synthetic-fuel production: International Geology Review, v. 25, no. 11, p. 1319-1327.

Gorin, E., 1981, Fundamentals of coal liquefaction, in M.A. Elliott, ed., Chemistry of coal utilization, second supplementary volume: New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 1845-1918.

Graham, U.M., J.C. Hower, R.F. Rathbone, and M.M. Spears, 1994, Pyrolysis processing characteristics of Kentucky cannel coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 22, p. 33-37.

Grainger, L., and J. Gibson, 1981, Coal utilization: technology, economics and policy: London, Graham and Trotman Ltd., 503 p.

Gray, D., G. Barrass, J. Jezko, and J.R. Kershaw, 1980, South African coals and their behavior during liquefaction, in D.D. Whitehurst, ed., Coal liquefaction fundamentals: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, Symposium Series 139, p. 35-51.

Gray, D., G. Barrass, J. Jezko, and J.R. Kershaw, 1980, Relations between hydroliquefaction behavior and the organic properties of a variety of South African coals: Fuel, v. 59, p. 146-150.

Hagermann, R., K.J. Hüttinger, J.F. Lambertz, and L. Schrader, 1990, Kinetic studies on gasification of Rheinische brown coal: influence of pressure, temperature, and mineral matter: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 43, no. 4, p. 143-144.

Heidecke, H., and H.H. Oelert, 1991, Liquefaction potential of South African torbanite coal, 1) Basic tests for non-catalytic hydroliquefaction: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 44, no. 4, p. 143-145.

Heng, S., and M. Shibaoka, 1983, Hydrogenation of the inertinite macerals of Bayswater coal: Fuel, v. 62, p. 610-612.

Hirschon, A.S., and R.B. Wilson, Jr., 1991, Dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction, in H.H. Schobert, K.D. Bartle, and L.J. Lynch, eds., Coal science II: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, Symposium Series 461, p. 273-283.

Howard-Smith, I., and G.J. Werner, 1976, Coal conversion technology: Park Ridge, N.J., Noyes Data Corporation, Chemical technology review no. 66, 133 p.

Hower, J.C., 1989, Petrology of liquefaction residues from the Breckinridge cannel, western Kentucky: Organic Geochemistry, v. 14, p. 299-305.

Hower, J.C., R.A. Keogh, and D.N. Taulbee, 1991, Petrology of liquefaction residues: maceral concentrates from a Pond Creek durain, eastern Kentucky: Organic Geochemistry, v. 17, p. 431-438.

Hower, J.C., R.A. Keogh, and B.H. Davis, 1992, Petrography of liquefaction residues: high-vitrinite, high-sulfur Davis (western Kentucky No. 6) coal: Energy & Fuels, v. 6, p. 609-613.

Hower, J.C., R.A. Keogh, D.N. Taulbee, and R.F. Rathbone, 1993, Petrography of liquefaction residues: semifusinite concentrates from a Peach Orchard coal lithotype, Magoffin County, Kentucky: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 167-176.

Hower, J.C., K.B. Anderson, G. Mackay, H. Pinheiro, D. Flores, and M.J. Lemos de Sousa, 1994, Interlaboratory comparisons of petrography of liquefaction residues from three Argonne premium coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 22, p. 27-32.

Hower, J.C., U.M. Graham, R.F. Rathbone, and T.L. Robl, 1994, Retorting potential of lignite overburden from clay mining: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 13, p. 113-117.

Huttinger, K.J., 1988, Kinetics of coal gasification, in Y. Yurum, ed., New trends in coal science: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 433-452.

Huttinger, K.J., 1988, Transport and other effects in coal gasification, in Y. Yurum, ed., New trends in coal science: Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 453-480.

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Jasienko, S., H. Kidawa, and H. Machnikowska, 1981, Properties and structure of the petrographic components of bituminous coals and their behaviour during liquefaction, in Proceedings, International Conference on Coal Science: Essen, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, p. 28-33.

Joseph, J.T., 1991, Liquefaction behavior of solvent-swollen coals: Fuel, v. 70, p. 139-144.

Joseph, J.T., R.B. Fisher, C.A. Masin, G.R. Dyrkacz, C.A. Bloomquist, and R.E. Winans, 1991, Coal maceral chemistry. 1. Liquefaction behavior: Energy & Fuels, v. 5, p. 724-729.

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Kalkreuth, W., and G. Charnet, 1984, Liquefaction characteristics of selected vitrinite and liptinite rich coals from British Columbia, Canada: Fuel Processing Technology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 53-65.

Kalkreuth, W., C. Roy, and M. Hebert, 1986, Vacuum pyrolysis of Canadian Prince mine coal, chemical and petrological analyses of feedcoal and solid residues: Erdöl und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 39, p. 213-222.

Kalkreuth, W., C. Roy, and M. Steller, 1989, Conversion characteristics of selected Canadian coals based on hydrogenation and pyrolysis experiments, in Contributions to Canadian coal geoscience: Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 89-8, p. 108-114.

Kalkreuth, W., M. Steller, I. Wieschenkamper, and S. Ganz, 1991, Petrographic and chemical characterization of Canadian and German coals in relation to utilization potential. 1. Petrographic and chemical characterization of feedcoals: Fuel, v. 70, p. 683-694.

Keogh, R.A., D.N. Taulbee, J.C. Hower, B. Chawla, and B.H. Davis, 1992, Liquefaction characteristics of the three major maceral groups separated from a single coal: Energy & Fuels, v. 6, p. 614-618.

Klasson, K.T., M.D. Ackerson, E.C. Clausen, and J.L. Gaddy, 1993, Direct bacterial conversion of coal to liquid fuels, in D.L. Crawford, ed., Microbial transformations of low rank coals: Baco Raton, CRC Press, p. 93-110.

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Kristiansen, A., 1996, Understanding coal gasification: London, IEA Coal Research, IEA Coal Research Report Series, IEACR/86, 69 p.

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Mason, D.M., 1976, Control of agglomeration in coal hydrogasification, in C.J. Smith, compiler, Proceedings of the coal agglomeration and conversion symposium: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, p. 163-174.

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Neavel, R.C., 1976, Coal plasticity mechanism: inferences from liquefaction studies, in C.J. Smith, compiler, Proceedings of the coal agglomeration and conversion symposium: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, p. 119-133.

Neavel, R.C., 1976, Liquefaction of coal in hydrogen-donor and non-donor vehicles: Fuel, v. 55, p. 237-242.

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Parkash, S., B. Ignasiak, M.P. du Plessis, and A.R. Cameron, 1983, Management of coal macerals in the liquefaction of low-rank coals: Liquid Fuels Technology, v. 1, p. 219-233.

Parkash, S., M.P. du Plessis, A.R. Cameron, and W.D. Kalkreuth, 1984, Petrography of low rank coals with reference to liquefaction potential: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 4, p. 209-234.

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